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Mandarin Pathways
Grammar reference

Subject + 把 + Object + Verb + Result/了/Complement

The 把 (bǎ) construction — spotlighting what happens to an object

Normal Chinese word order is Subject-Verb-Object, but when you want to spotlight what HAPPENS TO a specific, already-known object — moving it, changing it, finishing it, disposing of it — Chinese often fronts the object with 把 right after the subject, then follows the verb with an extra element (了, a result complement, a directional complement, or a location phrase) showing the object's outcome. Compare plain 我吃了那个苹果 with the 把-sentence 我把那个苹果吃了 — same basic meaning, but 把 puts 'that apple' in the spotlight as a specific thing that got fully dealt with. The deciding question: is the object specific and definite (not 'a/some' thing), and do I want to highlight its fate — and does the verb have something after it describing the result? If either answer is no, skip 把. A bare verb can never end a 把-sentence: 我把苹果吃 is wrong; it needs 了 or a complement.

Examples

  • 我把作业做完了。
    zuò zuò wán le

    I finished (doing) my homework.

  • 请把窗户打开。
    qǐng chuāng hu kāi

    Please open the window.

  • 他把手机放在桌子上了。
    shǒu fàng zài zhuō zi shàng le

    He put his phone on the table.

Common mistake

✗ Wrong: 我把苹果吃。

✓ Right: 我把苹果吃了。

A 把-sentence always needs something after the verb — 了, a result complement, a location phrase — showing what happened to the object. A bare verb can't end a 把-sentence.

Practice this pattern

Fill in the missing character:

我_作业做完了。

I finished (doing) my homework.