Subject + 把 + Object + Verb + Result/了/Complement
The 把 (bǎ) construction — spotlighting what happens to an object
Normal Chinese word order is Subject-Verb-Object, but when you want to spotlight what HAPPENS TO a specific, already-known object — moving it, changing it, finishing it, disposing of it — Chinese often fronts the object with 把 right after the subject, then follows the verb with an extra element (了, a result complement, a directional complement, or a location phrase) showing the object's outcome. Compare plain 我吃了那个苹果 with the 把-sentence 我把那个苹果吃了 — same basic meaning, but 把 puts 'that apple' in the spotlight as a specific thing that got fully dealt with. The deciding question: is the object specific and definite (not 'a/some' thing), and do I want to highlight its fate — and does the verb have something after it describing the result? If either answer is no, skip 把. A bare verb can never end a 把-sentence: 我把苹果吃 is wrong; it needs 了 or a complement.
Examples
- 我把作业做完了。wǒ bǎ zuò yè zuò wán le
I finished (doing) my homework.
- 请把窗户打开。qǐng bǎ chuāng hu dǎ kāi
Please open the window.
- 他把手机放在桌子上了。tā bǎ shǒu jī fàng zài zhuō zi shàng le
He put his phone on the table.
Common mistake
✗ Wrong: 我把苹果吃。
✓ Right: 我把苹果吃了。
A 把-sentence always needs something after the verb — 了, a result complement, a location phrase — showing what happened to the object. A bare verb can't end a 把-sentence.
Practice this pattern
Fill in the missing character:
我_作业做完了。
I finished (doing) my homework.